Git to Know Git

Teach me Git using this repository’s current real state. Do not change anything.

Explain the relationship among the working tree, staging area, commit, branch, local repository, remote repository, and pull request. Then interpret the output of `git status`, `git branch`, `git log`, and `git remote` for this repository in plain language.

Use one small hypothetical file change to show what would happen during edit, stage, commit, push, pull request, review, merge, and local synchronization. Explain what is recoverable at each stage. Identify commands that are read-only, commands that change local state, commands that affect GitHub, and commands that could discard work.

Do not run destructive commands or imply that `git reset --hard`, forced push, or deleting a branch is a normal first response.